Radiant heating device and manufacturing procedure (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not leg

专利摘要:
Radiant heating device, and obtaining procedure. The device comprises: stony sheet (1) to radiate heat, with a visible front in operation, and a reverse not visible in operation; reinforcement layer (2) of fiber and/or resin, on the reverse side of stony sheet (1); conductive sheet (3), attached to the reinforcing sheet (2); electrodes (4) metal electrodeposited selectively on the conductive sheet (3), to conduct electricity towards the conductive sheet (3); electrical connectors (5, 7, 8) in electrodes (4), to be fed from an electrical source; and protective layer (6) that encapsulates reverse of stony sheet (1), reinforcing layer (2), conductive sheet (3), electrodes (4) and electrical connectors (5, 7, 8). The invention provides chemical, non-mechanical bonding between electrodes (4) and conductive sheet (3), as well as better mechanical properties of the stone sheet (1) and greater isolation and protection of the device. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
公开号:ES2703973A1
申请号:ES201731110
申请日:2017-09-13
公开日:2019-03-13
发明作者:Macía Alberto Tielas；Louzao Vanessa Ventosinos；Murias Denise García；Dios Alvarez Miguel Angel De；Diéguez Carlos Bandrés；Bañobre Raquel Ledo
申请人:Fundacion para la Promocion de la Innovacion Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico en la Industria de Automocion de Galicia；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] RADIANT HEATING DEVICE AND MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE
[0002]
[0003]
[0004]
[0005] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
[0006]
[0007] The present invention can be included within the technical field of heating devices, in particular, of radiant heating devices. In this sense, the invention has for its object, according to a first aspect, a radiant heating device, while a second aspect of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing said radiant heating device.
[0008]
[0009] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0010]
[0011] There is currently a growing interest in the development of materials with added functionalities for its implementation in various fields, such as: construction, automotive, aeronautics, consumer electronics, etc. In this sense, solutions that can be manufactured in a simple manner are preferred, and at the same time they allow a great versatility of application and a simple installation. The search for more efficient heating methods is one of the fields that demand the creation of new materials in the search for thermal comfort solutions that are more effective and respectful of the environment and the physical well-being of users. Many of the new heating systems base their operation on the arrangement of radiant surfaces, replacing convective methods of heat distribution. This is basically due to two factors. On the one hand, by means of radiant heating systems, much more homogeneous and less stratified temperature profiles are achieved, by avoiding excessive heating zones to force convection currents. On the other hand, thermal comfort is achieved at lower air temperatures, minimizing the possible excesses of total humidity in the environment and the convective currents between different points of the stay.
[0012]
[0013] Document ES2574622 describes a heating device comprising a conductive sheet and metal electrodes, as well as a method of manufacturing said heating device. The heating device comprises a conductive sheet, wherein said conductive sheet comprises carbon nanotubes, elastomers, and agents dispersants on a substrate and metal electrodes chemically adhered to the conductive sheet. The manufacturing process comprises coating the substrate with a conductive sheet by adding a conductive dispersion comprising carbon nanotubes, elastomers, and dispersing agents to the substrate where a sheet of varnish or acrylic resin is deposited on the conductive sheet as a mask for a selective electrochemical deposition of the metal electrodes on the conductive film.
[0014]
[0015] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0016]
[0017] The present invention describes a radiant heating device, according to a first aspect, as well as, according to a second aspect, by a method of manufacturing said radiant heating device.
[0018]
[0019] The radiant heating device comprises a stone sheet, made of stone material or materials, whose mission is to be heated to radiate heat. The stone sheet comprises an obverse, which is visible in operation, and a reverse, which is not visible in operation. As stone materials, natural stone materials are preferred, among which can be selected, for example: slate, granite, marble, sandstone or limestone, among others.
[0020]
[0021] The stone sheet is protected on its back by a reinforcing layer, made of fiber material and / or resin materials. Also, attached to the reinforcing layer is an electrically conductive sheet, which preferably comprises in its composition carbon nanotubes, elastomers and dispersing agents.
[0022]
[0023] On the conductive film is defined at least two electrodes selectively electrodeposited metal, to conduct electricity to the conductive sheet. The electrodes incorporate electrical connectors to be powered from an electrical source.
[0024]
[0025] Finally, the previous set, except the obverse of the stone plate, that is, the back of the stone plate, the reinforcement layer, the conductive film, the electrodes and the electrical connectors, are encapsulated in a protective layer, to provide airtightness and mechanical protection, for example against scratches, knocks, unauthorized access, etc.
[0026] Once the electrical connectors are connected to an electrical source, an electric current is transmitted through said connectors towards the electrodes, which in turn transmit said electrical current towards the conductive sheet, which is heated by the effect of its electrical resistivity. The heating of the conductive sheet is transmitted, through the reinforcing layer, to the stone sheet, which is heated and radiates heat to the outside.
[0027]
[0028] The method of manufacturing the radiant heating device described above comprises a step of reinforcing the back of a stone sheet, preferably of natural stone, with a reinforcing layer made of material or materials comprising fiber and / or resin.
[0029]
[0030] Subsequently, a conductive mixture which preferably comprises carbon nanotubes, elastomers and dispersing agents is applied uniformly on the reinforcing sheet. Next, the conductive mixture is dried or allowed to dry, so that a conductive sheet attached to the reinforcing layer is defined.
[0031]
[0032] Next, at least two metal electrodes are generated on the conductive film by selective electrodeposition of a metal. Next, electrical connectors are arranged on the electrodes to be connected to an electrical source.
[0033]
[0034] Finally, the previous set: stony sheet, reinforcement layer, conductive sheet, electrodes and electrical connectors; it is encapsulated in an encapsulating protective layer, exposing the obverse of the stone sheet, to provide electrical isolation, mechanical protection and sealing, as well as to prevent unauthorized access to the interior of the device.
[0035]
[0036] The configuration of the device described above, object of the present invention, has a series of advantages, as described below:
[0037] - The definition of the electrodes by means of selective electrodeposition allows the electrodes to be chemically linked to the conductive film itself, thereby achieving advantages such as: absence of adhesives that limit the range of operating temperatures; absence of laminates between different layers; absence of metallic contact wires or tapes; and improvement of flexural strength while maintaining its electrical properties. The electrodes are thus integrated into the conductive surface itself.
[0038] - The incorporation of a reinforcement layer allows to improve the mechanical properties of the stone sheet.
[0039] - The presence of the encapsulating protective layer restricts unauthorized access to the interior of the device, as well as protecting the rest of the elements from impacts, scratches, environmental conditions, etc.
[0040]
[0041] DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0042]
[0043] In order to complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization thereof, an integral set of said description is accompanied drawings, where with an illustrative and non-restrictive character, the following has been represented:
[0044]
[0045] Figures 1A and 1B schematically show the different layers that make up the heating device of the present invention. A stony sheet, a fiber and / or resin reinforcing layer, an electrically conductive layer, electrodeposited metal contact electrodes, electrical connectors and a protective layer.
[0046]
[0047] Figure 2 schematically shows an example of arrangement of electrodeposited metal contact electrodes and electrical connectors on the conductive sheet.
[0048]
[0049] Figure 3 shows an example of modular arrangement of two heating devices that have alternating male-female electrical connectors.
[0050]
[0051] Figure 4 shows an example of the heating device whose electrical connectors are clip or banana type, so that the heating device is dockable to a corresponding power connector located on the surface where it will be installed.
[0052]
[0053] Figure 5 shows an example of flexible heating device installed on a curved surface.
[0054]
[0055] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
[0056]
[0057] Next, a description is given with the help of the figures 1-5 referred to above. Detailed description of a preferred embodiment of a radiant heating device according to the present invention.
[0058]
[0059] The radiant heating device of the invention comprises a stone sheet (1), which is preferably made of natural stone. In particular, the stone sheet (1) can be made of one or several materials selected from: slate, granite, marble, sandstone or limestone, among others. The stone sheet (1), as will be explained below, is intended to be heated to radiate heat.
[0060]
[0061] The stony sheet (1) comprises an obverse and a reverse, the obverse being visible in use. On the other hand, the heating device additionally comprises a reinforcing layer (2), heat conducting, which is attached to the back of the stone sheet (1). The reinforcing layer (2) comprises fiber, resin or a combination of both. In particular, the fibers of the reinforcing layer (2) can preferably be selected from fiberglass, carbon or natural fibers (cotton, for example), among others. On the other hand, the resins of the reinforcement layer (2) can be selected among polyester, epoxy, acrylic resin, among others.
[0062]
[0063] The stone sheet (1) and the reinforcing layer (2) have a total thickness of at least 0.5 mm. Preferably, the stone sheet (1) and the reinforcing layer (2) have a joint thickness not exceeding 3 mm. so as not to decrease the flexibility of the heating device. A flexible heating device is preferable because it allows to adapt to surfaces of non-planar geometry, for example curved. For values higher than 3 mm., The heating device acquires greater rigidity, which may not adapt to curved surfaces, although the rest of benefits are not affected, nor is the processing procedure affected, as will be explained next.
[0064]
[0065] Preferably, the stone sheet (1) and the reinforcing layer (2) are manufactured together in a joint sheet.
[0066]
[0067] The reinforcement layer (2) incorporates a conductive film (3) at its rear part. Preferably, the conductive sheet comprises in its composition: carbon nanotubes, elastomers, and dispersing agents. More preferably, the content of carbon nanotubes in the conductive film is between 20-45% by weight.
[0068] On the other hand, also preferably, the content of elastomers in the conductive film is between 35-65% by weight. Also, the content of dispersing agents in the conductive film is preferably between 30-50% by weight.
[0069]
[0070] The conductive sheet (3) is obtained by applying, on the reinforcing layer (2), a conductive mixture which, for the described example, comprises carbon nanotubes, elastomers, and dispersing agents. The conductive mixture can be applied in various ways: by spraying, roller printing, brush, etc., ensuring that said conductive mixture is evenly distributed throughout the surface of the reinforcing layer (2). Preferably, the conductive mixture, according to the described example, has a proportion (by weight) of 2-4% of carbon nanotubes, 4-6.5% of elastomers, and 3-5% of dispersing agents.
[0071]
[0072] Additionally, the heating device comprises at least two contact electrodes (4), chemically bonded (electrodeposited) to the conductive sheet (3), where the electrodes (4) comprise electrical connectors (5, 7, 8) in at least a point on its surface.
[0073]
[0074] Finally, the heating device additionally comprises a last insulating layer (6), which encapsulates: the reverse side of the stony sheet (1), the reinforcing layer (2), the conductive sheet (3), the electrodes (4) and the electrical connectors (5, 7, 8).
[0075]
[0076] The carbon nanotubes of the conductive mixture of the example provide the conductive sheet (3) with ranges of electrical conductivity necessary to carry out the electrodeposition of the metal forming the electrodes (4) and, in addition, provide the conductive sheet (3) with a adequate electrical resistance so that the heating device can operate at low voltage. In turn, the carbon nanotubes also favor the adhesion of the electrodeposited metal during the electrodeposition process of the electrodes (4).
[0077]
[0078] For their part, the elastomers improve the fixing of the conductive mixture to the reinforcement layer (2), prevent the appearance of cracks and improve the flexibility of the heating device.
[0079] The dispersing agents prevent the nanotubes from being added in the conductive mixture, which would reduce the electrical conductivity of the conductive mixture and, therefore, of the conductive sheet (3) once applied.
[0080]
[0081] The carbon nanotubes are preferably multilayer carbon nanotubes. For their part, the elastomers are preferably acrylic elastomers in aqueous base. Also, the dispersing agents are preferably anionic surfactants, for example, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfate (SDBS).
[0082]
[0083] The electrodes (4) referred to above are areas of controlled geometry in the conductive sheet (3), in which the electrical conductivity has been improved by the electrodeposition of a metal, all without the use of adhesives, metal tapes or any type of connection by pressure between layers, thus maintaining flexibility and structural and electrical stability permanently. Said metal can be any electrodepositable metal, in particular, it can be selected from the group consisting of: gold, silver, copper, zinc, nickel and chromium. To deposit the metal, a method of reduction and electrochemical deposition is used in order to reduce metal cations directly on the surface of the carbon nanotubes contained in the conductive sheet (3). In this way, areas of controlled extension and form in which metal is chemically adhered to the surface of the carbon nanotubes are achieved, which will serve as contact electrodes (4) to transmit uniformly the low voltage electrical current of a source electric to feed the heating element.
[0084]
[0085] The electrochemical deposition can be carried out according to various methods, such as, for example, by means of a galvanic bath or by electrochemical deposition by a electroplastic brush.
[0086]
[0087] The electrochemical deposition of the metal forming the contact electrode (4) can be carried out in a pH controlled bath depending on the nature of the stone sheet (1), in order to preserve the surface properties of the material or materials stony employees, especially in the case of using natural stone.
[0088]
[0089] Thanks to the use of electrodeposition, the contact electrodes (4) are chemically linked to the conductive film (3) itself, which provides advantages such as: absence of adhesives that limit the range of operating temperatures; absence of laminates between different layers; absence of metallic contact wires or tapes; and improvement of flexural strength without impairing its electrical properties. The contact electrodes (4) are integrated into the conductive sheet (3) itself, forming the heating zone of the heating device.
[0090]
[0091] The metal electrodes (4) comprise electrical connectors (5, 7, 8) in at least one point on their surface. Said electrical connectors (5, 7, 8) can be attached to the electrode (4) by various modes, such as welding, electrically conductive adhesive, pressure, etc.
[0092]
[0093] On the other hand, the electrical connectors (5, 7, 8) can be of various types: for example, of alternating male-female type (7), so that several heating devices can be coupled together; and / or clip type, banana (8) or similar, so that the heating device is coupled to a corresponding power connector (9) that is located on the surface (10) where the heating device will be installed. Preferably, the electrical connectors (5, 7, 8) comply with the IPX7 degree of protection according to the IEC 60529 standard.
[0094]
[0095] For its part, the protective layer (6) mentioned above is composed of fiber and / or resin and has a double objective: to provide electrical insulation to the heating device on its unseen face, and to provide adequate fixing and insulation of the electrical connectors ( 5, 7, 8). Said protective layer (6) can be applied by spraying, roller printing, brush, etc. Alternatively, the protective layer (6) can be flexible dielectric varnish; or it may be composed of fiberglass, carbon fiber or natural fiber, among others, and / or an epoxy, polyester, polyurethane or acrylic resin, among others.
[0096]
[0097] The total thickness of the heating device can preferably be reduced to a minimum of 1.5 mm, with a surface density of 1.3 kg / m2.
[0098]
[0099] According to a second aspect, the invention also provides a method of manufacturing the heating device described above. The method comprises applying to a stony sheet (1), reinforced with a reinforcing layer (2) of fiber and / or resin, a conductive sheet (3), which is carried out by applying, uniformly on the reinforcing layer (2), a conductive mixture comprising 2-4% by weight of carbon nanotubes, 4-6.5% by weight of elastomers, and 3-5% by weight of dispersing agents, and drying, or let dry, said electrically conductive mixture. The drying can be carried out in various ways, for example, by application of hot air or infrared light lamps. The stony sheet (1) can be reinforced with the reinforcing layer (2) as one of the steps of the process, or alternatively, preferably, the process can be initiated by receiving a composite sheet formed by the stony sheet (1) reinforced with the reinforcing layer (2), and on said composite sheet the conductive mixture is applied.
[0100]
[0101] In any case, the conductive sheet (3) is completely adhered to the reinforcement layer (2) conferring electrical properties referred to above necessary to use it as a heating element.
[0102]
[0103] The object of the method of the invention is to manufacture a radiant heating device whose exposed face is a stone sheet (1), preferably of natural stone, reinforced with a reinforcing layer (2) of fiber and / or resin, and which is preferably flexible and homogeneous, which additionally includes a conductive sheet (3) in which the conductivity of the areas where the contact electrodes (4) are to be located has been improved by a selective electrodeposition process of metal. This solution using electrodes selectively electrodeposited improves the manufacture of flexible heating devices, since it facilitates the location and fixation of the electrodes (4).
[0104]
[0105] Following the procedure of the invention, once the conductive sheet (3) is defined, the contact electrodes (4) that will feed the heating device are deposited, in the manner explained above.
[0106]
[0107] - In particular, for the case of galvanic bath, the following are introduced: the back of the stone sheet (1), together with the reinforcement layer (2) and conductive sheet (3) in which it is desired to deposit the contact electrode ( 4), connected to an electrical source as a cathode; in a solution containing a salt of the metal to be deposited, and of controlled pH depending on the type of stone that conforms to the stone sheet (1), in which a metal electrode is also immersed connected to a source that will act as an anode . Applying in this way a sufficient potential difference, the metal begins to deposit in the desired zone.
[0108] The potential difference that must be applied depends on the type of substrate, the concentration of carbon nanotubes contained in the conductive mixture, as well as the amplitude of the area to be coated.
[0109]
[0110] As an example, for a substrate of epoxy resin with glass fiber previously coated with the conductive mixture described above, and to electrodeposite an electrode (4) with rectangular dimensions of 10mm x 280mm, it is necessary to apply an approximate potential of 2.5 volts, being the substrate resistance of 35 ohm / sq, where the unit "ohm / sq" is a unit used in particular to refer to the electrical resistance of sheet materials, ie, with a thickness dimension much smaller than any of the other two measures of length and width Once the reduction and the electrochemical deposition have been completed, the assembly can be washed with distilled water to remove the acid residues from the galvanic bath, then drying can be carried out.
[0111]
[0112] - On the other hand, in the case of electrochemical deposition by electroplastic brush, the stone plate (1), together with the reinforcement layer (2) previously, coated with the conductive mixture, are connected to the source as a cathode. The difference with respect to the galvanic bath lies in the way of positioning the metallic anode. In this case a sheet of metal is introduced into a piece of absorbent foam which is impregnated with a solution containing an inorganic salt of the metal to be deposited. The sheet inserted in the foam is connected to the electrical source as an anode. As the foam is pressed on the area of the conductive sheet (3) where it is desired to deposit the electrode (4), the reduction of the metal cations takes place, remaining adhered to said conductive sheet (3).
[0113]
[0114] Any electrodepositable metal is suitable to act as electrode (4) according to the described procedure. However, it is preferred that the metal be selected from gold, silver, copper, zinc, nickel and chromium, more preferably copper.
[0115]
[0116] By means of the described procedures a radiant heating device is obtained in which the contact electrodes (4) are chemically linked to the conductive sheet (3) itself, with which advantages are achieved such as: absence of adhesives that limit the temperature range of operation; absence of laminates between different layers; absence of metallic contact wires or tapes; and improvement of flexural strength while maintaining its electrical properties. The electrodes (4) are thus integrated into the conductive surface (3) itself.
[0117]
[0118] Once the electrodes (4) are deposited on the conductive sheet (3), it is proceeded to place on said electrodes (4), for example, by welding, the electrical connectors (5, 7, 8) that allow, preferably, to connect several heating devices to each other, and / or said heating devices to the electric network. Said electrical connectors (5, 7, 8) are located at at least one point on the surface of the electrodes (4). Alternatively, the electrical connectors (5, 7, 8) can be attached to the electrodes (4) by other solutions, such as an electrically conductive epoxy resin, pressure, etc.
[0119]
[0120] As indicated above, the electrical connectors (5, 7, 8) can be of various types, such as: alternating male-female (7) for coupling together several heating devices; or of clip, banana or similar type (8), so that the heating device can be coupled to a corresponding power connector (9) which will be located on the surface where the heating device will be installed.
[0121]
[0122] Finally, they are encapsulated, inside a protective layer (6): the back of the stony sheet (1), the reinforcing layer (2), the conductive sheet (3), the electrodes (4) and the electrical connectors ( 5, 7, 8), with a double objective of: providing electrical insulation to the non-visible part of the heating device; and providing adequate fixing and insulation of the electrical connectors (5, 7, 8). Preferably, said encapsulation can be carried out by applying a protective layer (6), composed of fiber and / or resin. Said protective layer (6) can be applied by means of various methods, for example: by spraying, roller printing, brush, etc. Alternatively, the protective layer (6) can be a flexible dielectric varnish; or an epoxy, polyester, polyurethane or acrylic resin.
[0123]
[0124] The protective layer (6) has a configuration as encapsulant which additionally allows protecting the conductive surface (3) of scratches or scratches, as well as moisture and corrosion. The protective layer (6) also allows to use the heating device outdoors, or in areas of high humidity, even submerged.
[0125] PREFERENTIAL MANUFACTURING MODE
[0126]
[0127] An illustrative example of the method of manufacturing the aforementioned heating device is set forth below.
[0128]
[0129] A flexible heating device has been made, following the method of the invention, of dimensions 200x300 mm, whose stone sheet (1) is a sheet of flexible slate reinforced on its face not seen by a reinforcement layer (2) composed of resin of polyester and fiberglass.
[0130]
[0131] The reinforcing layer (2) was coated with a conductive sheet (3), adding on the reinforcing layer (2) the following conductive mixture:
[0132] - 3% by weight multilayer carbon nanotubes (multi-wall carbon nanotubes), produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
[0133] - 4-6.5% by weight acrylic elastomers in aqueous base and
[0134] - 3-5% by weight of sodium dodecyl sulfate (dispersing agent).
[0135]
[0136] The multilayer carbon nanotubes had the following characteristics:
[0137]
[0138] - average diameter: 9.5 nm (determined by transmission electron microscopy)
[0139] - average length: 1.5 pm (determined by transmission electron microscopy)
[0140] -% carbon: 90% (determined by gravimetric thermal analysis (TGA))
[0141] -% metal oxide: 10%
[0142] - surface area: 250-300 m2 / g (determined by BET)
[0143]
[0144] A BET area analysis provides the surface area value calculated by the Stephen Brunauer method, Paul Hugh Emmett, and Edward Teller. The information obtained from the adsorbed volume allows to determine the area, the porous distribution, the size and volume of pores in the sample.
[0145]
[0146] Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as the dispersing agent.
[0147]
[0148] The acrylic elastomer was an acrylic resin obtained from copolymerization of acrylic acid or one of its esters (methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate ...) with one or more of its co-monomers (acrylic acid, acrylamide, N-methylol-acrylamide, ...).
[0149]
[0150] Subsequently the conductive mixture was dried by infrared lamp, to define the conductive layer (3).
[0151]
[0152] Once dry, an electrochemical deposition was made of two copper electrodes (4), made by galvanic bath, located longitudinally on their long sides, characterized the set by having a surface resistance of 35 Ohm / sq and applying a voltage of 2.5 V. The pH of the galvanic bath was controlled throughout the electrodeposition process of the electrodes (4), in order to preserve the properties of the slate and avoid having to protect it with some type of mask, a process that could alter its surface properties. In this way, electrodeposition was performed at a slightly acidic pH (pH: 5-6.5) and limiting the time and the immersion zone of the stone in it. Once the electrodeposition was completed, the submerged zone in the bath was washed with water.
[0153]
[0154] Then, the electric connectors (5, 7, 8) were fixed on the electrodes (4), by soldering with tin, after application of flux in paste to favor the distribution of the weld metal in the joint. Said electrical connectors (5, 7, 8) are of the alternating male-female type (7) so as to allow the interconnection of several heating devices such as the one of the invention.
[0155]
[0156] Finally, a protective layer (6), made of polyester resin and glass fiber, was sprayed onto the unseen face of the heating device, with the function of encapsulating, isolating and reinforcing the previously manufactured assembly.
[0157]
[0158] By means of the process described, a heating device was manufactured with the following properties:
[0159]
[0160] Thickness: 1.5 mm
[0161] Surface density: 1.3 kg / m2
[0162] Electrical resistance between contact electrodes: 21 Ohm
[0163] Electrical resistance between the ends of the same contact electrode: 0.1 Ohm
[0164] Thermal jump by applying a voltage of 20 V between the contact electrodes: 31 ° C (starting from laboratory conditions of 23.5 ° C, the device reached a surface temperature homogeneous 54.5 ° C)
[0165]
[0166] In addition, the heating device obtained maintains on its face the aesthetic and superficial properties of the natural slate, preserves the flexibility of the original substrate, that is to say, of the stony sheet (1) plus the reinforcing layer (2), avoids use of adhesives or laminates to fix the electrodes (4), and ensure the tightness and electrical insulation necessary to operate at low voltage according to current regulations.

权利要求:
Claims (14)
[1]
1. Radiant heating device, characterized comprising:
- a stone sheet (1) for radiating heat, comprising a visible front in operation, and a reverse not visible in operation;
- a reinforcing layer (2) of fiber and / or resin, on the back of the stone sheet (1);
- a conductive sheet (3), attached to the reinforcement sheet (2);
- at least two metallic electrodes (4) electrodeposited selectively on the conductive sheet (3), to conduct electricity towards the conductive sheet;
- electrical connectors (5, 7, 8) on the electrodes, to be powered from an electrical source; Y
- a protective layer (6) that encapsulates: at least the reverse side of the stone sheet (1), the reinforcing layer (2), the conductive sheet (3), the electrodes (4) and the electrical connectors (5, 7) , 8).
[2]
2. Radiant heating device, according to claim 1, characterized in that the stone sheet (1) is made of natural stone.
[3]
3. - Radiant heating device, according to claim 2, characterized in that the stone sheet (1) is made of material or materials selected from: slate, granite, marble, sandstone and / or limestone.
[4]
4. - Radiant heating device, according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductive sheet (3) comprises carbon nanotubes, elastomers and dispersing agents.
[5]
5. Radiant heating device, according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibers of the reinforcing layer (2) comprise one or more fibers selected from: fiberglass, carbon and natural fiber.
[6]
6. Radiant heating device, according to any one of claims 1 and 5, characterized in that the resins of the reinforcement layer (2) comprise one or more resins selected from: epoxy resin, polyester, polyurethane and acrylic
[7]
7. Radiant heating device, according to claim 1, characterized by that the stony sheet (1) and the reinforcing layer (2) have a combined thickness of at least 0.5 mm.
[8]
8. Radiant heating device, according to claim 1, characterized in that the stony sheet (1) and the reinforcing layer (2) have a joint thickness not exceeding 3 mm., To provide flexibility to the device heating.
[9]
9- Radiant heating device, according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective layer (6) comprises a flexible dielectric varnish.
[10]
10. - Radiant heating device, according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective layer (6) comprises fiber and or resin.
[11]
11. - Radiant heating device, according to claim 10, characterized in that the fiber of the protective layer (6) comprises one or more fibers selected from: fiberglass, carbon fiber and natural fiber.
[12]
12. Radiant heating device, according to any of claims 10 and 11, characterized in that the resins of the protective layer (6) comprise one or more resins selected from: epoxy resin, polyester, polyurethane and acrylic .
[13]
13. - Method of manufacturing the radiant heating device described in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises the following steps, from a stony sheet (1), which has a visible front in operation and a hidden back in operation, and where the stony sheet (2) is reinforced on the back with a reinforcement layer (2) of fiber and / or resin:
- uniformly applying, on the reinforcing sheet (2), a conductive mixture comprising carbon nanotubes, elastomers and dispersing agents;
- drying or allowing the conductive mixture to dry to define a conductive film (3);
- generating at least one metallic electrode (4) on the conductive sheet (3), by selective electrodeposition of a metal;
- having, in the electrodes (4), electrical connectors (5) to be connected to an electrical source;
- encapsulate: at least the reverse side of the stony sheet (1), the reinforcing layer (2), the foil conductive (3), electrodes (4) and electrical connectors (5, 7, 8) in a protective layer (6), to provide electrical insulation, mechanical protection and fixation and insulation.
[14]
14. Process according to claim 13, characterized in that the protective layer (6) is applied by a method selected from: spray, roller printing, brush, etc.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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ES2703973B2|2019-12-18|

引用文献:

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优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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ES201731110A|ES2703973B2|2017-09-13|2017-09-13|Radiant heating device and manufacturing procedure|ES201731110A| ES2703973B2|2017-09-13|2017-09-13|Radiant heating device and manufacturing procedure|